A large body of guesses about the future has to do with the effects of resource depletion and environmental degradation on modern industrial society. As an example we can consider the many books written on the subject during the first decade of the 21st century. Spokespersons such as Julian Darley, Richard Heinberg, James Howard Kunstler, Dmitry Orlov, Nicole Foss, and Raul Ilargi Meijer promoted the view that the world's supplies of petroleum were on the verge of entering a phase of declining output, and that this irreversible decline in output would trigger catastrophic changes in the world's industrial societies, or to put it more starkly, the sudden catastrophic collapse of industrial society. Some of the predictions of these people seemed to leave the realm of fact-based analysis entirely and became instead the embodiment of the subconscious night terror of white Anglo-European society over the possible loss of their own dominance and control of the earth.
So how did the predictions of these people fare in the face of events? The answer is decidedly mixed. Many of these predictors were able to draw the correct linkage between the impending decline of global petroleum output and U.S. foreign policy under the presidency of George W. Bush. And according to the analysis of the German Energy Watch Group, the world has indeed long since passed the peak of global conventional oil production. However, the predictions of the "collapsitarians" failed to account for the technological innovations which allowed the petroleum industry to temporarily boost output of petroleum liquids by means of fracking, ultra-deep drilling, horizontal drilling and other unconventional means. (Of course, the use of these techniques also led to widespread groundwater contamination as well.) These predictions also failed to account for the innovations in solar pv cell production, electricity storage technology, and electric vehicle design which have occurred from 2010 onward. (However, these predictors of collapse did manage to breathe new life into a genre of literature which had gone dormant after the threat of nuclear war seemed to recede from the 1980's onward - namely the genre of post-apocalyptic fiction! Move over, John Wyndham, Brian Aldiss, Pat Frank, Stephen King, and Walter M. Miller - you've got new neighbors...)
In other words, while resource shortages have begun to appear, they have been partially mitigated by technological advances. Thus, society in general has most definitely not collapsed. Yet ordinary people - especially those who are not among the privileged - have found that the number of potential threats in their environment has multiplied. We who are not among the world's privileged therefore must learn to navigate that threat environment. This navigation will require us to identify both emergent trends and potential risks. So I'd like to lay out a few of these trends and risks in the remaining space in this post. Let's consider the following:
- Energy. The global energy situation is a mixed bag at present. As mentioned above, global oil production is definitely past peak right now, and I'd like to suggest that this includes not only conventional oil, but all petroleum liquids. This is why oil prices had begun to rise in 2021 even before the Russian invasion of Ukraine. What is more, global production of coal may already have peaked. According to the Energy Watch Group, global production of uranium has also already peaked. Therefore the outlook is not good for those societies and industries which rely primarily on fossil fuel. However, the outlook for renewables - especially solar photovoltaics - is quite sunny. (Pardon the pun.) As mentioned previously on this blog, analyses conducted by the German Energy Watch Group show that the transformation of global industrial societies entirely to renewable energy conveyed by electricity is well within the capabilities of these societies. That transformation was already in progress before the start of this year, and has only accelerated as nations have come to realize that they cannot allow themselves to become dependent on the resources of thug regimes with imperial ambitions such as Russia.
One wild card in the energy mix is the potential contribution from nuclear fusion energy. Two weeks ago the United States achieved ignition for the first time in a laser-triggered inertial confinement fusion experiment. What this means is that by using laser light to implode a fusion target, the experimenters were able to produce more energy than the lasers used to initiate the fusion reaction. However, this does not mean that a practical commercial fusion reactor is just around the corner. So far, most fusion experiments have focused on the deuterium-tritium reaction, which produces most of its energy in a form that is very hard to harness for electricity generation. The reaction also produces a very high neutron flux, which tends to destroy reactor materials over time in addition to producing lots of radioactive waste. The disadvantages of the deuterium-tritium reaction represent a serious engineering challenge. It remains to be seen whether that challenge can be overcome.
- Material Resources. I don't have time today to do an exhaustive analysis of resource bottlenecks, but I can definitely say that shortages of key materials have begun to appear in a number of industries. Taking the construction industry as an example, from 2020 onward there have been shortages of lumber and steel. In addition, there have been increasing shortages and delays in obtaining finished construction assemblies such as electrical switchboards, switchgear and transformers. The appearance of shortages need not be a catastrophic thing, but shortages will force the world's economies to shift to a more circular model. This will force a shift in the ideologies of many right-leaning people in the United States, for instance. The good news is that a number of heavy industrial corporations have begun to move toward embracing the circular economy. However, the existence and increasing severity of material shortages may prove to be more of an economic constraint than the shortage of energy was supposed to be.
- Climate and Environment. The events of the past three or four years have provided blatant proof of the accelerating pace of global warming and its resulting environmental degradation. From the spectacular Russian wildfires (most of which were caused by humans) which took place every year during the last ten years to the massive wildfires and smoke events which occurred in the western United States in 2020 to the horrible extreme temperatures which were seen in the U.S. Pacific Northwest in 2021, we have begun to witness weather events which have not been seen on the earth for millions of years. Moreover, recent studies show that the melting of the earth's permanent ice is happening as much as 100 times faster than scientific models have predicted. Many have predicted that increasing alteration of the earth's climate will result in large-scale migration of "climate refugees" from more chaotic or inhospitable regions to more habitable regions of the earth. The assumption has been that these refugees will be from among the world's poorest people. But it seems to me - especially given the random distribution of extreme weather events over the last few years - that many of these refugees may come from the world's most affluent populations. Think of rich retired snowbirds fleeing from Arizona or jet-setters fleeing coastal resort properties in Florida. Perhaps the best prospects will belong to those people who are wise and savvy enough to make a habitable space wherever they may find themselves - even if it means making one's bed in Sheol.
- Social Justice and Human Rights. It is in this area that the greatest threats have arisen over the last decade. The poor and oppressed populations of the earth won a number of significant victories during the 20th century. Those victories led to such things as the end of the British Empire, the liberation of formerly colonized nations in the Global South, and the establishment of polities of liberated people who were able to begin to build their own collective power in order to fulfill their own human potential. A number of observers including both social scientists and science fiction writers predicted that this trend would only continue until the entire earth had become an egalitarian society in which each human being was valued equally and in which each human being could flourish. However, such idealistic thinking failed to recognize the latent power and personality-disordered nature of the oppressors, nor did it take into account the fact that the oppressors began to organize themselves to take back their lost glory. Thus many of us failed to notice the efforts - at first subtle, then more blatant - which began from 1980 onward in the United States to attempt to reverse all the civil rights gains achieved by the nonwhite in the United States from 1865 onward. We failed to recognize the emergence of revanchists both domestically and globally.
Now we stand at a crossroads - especially those of us who are people of color in the United States. Our strategy to date for dealing with the re-emergent threats we face has been inadequate, to say the least. That strategy has consisted of joining ourselves to a "progressive" agenda which does not place our unique concerns first and foremost, because it was not set by us. Those who push this agenda on us have instructed us to engage in a "strategy" which largely consists of begging the oppressor to be nice. This hasn't worked. We have allowed our struggle to be hijacked by people whose priorities are not our priorities. And we who are people of color in the United States have allowed ourselves to be turned into the foot soldiers of someone else's agenda, in the hopes that we might be able to receive some of the crumbs which fall from the table of that someone else when they have accomplished their agenda.
We need to start constructing our own agenda. That agenda must start with us coming together to create our own structures of self-reliance just as Gandhi did in India at the beginning of his struggle against British imperialism. This will involve struggle and hard work. We need to stop being afraid of struggle and hard work. To quote from a certain book on strategic nonviolent resistance, we need to realize that "the guilt of falling into the predatory hands of [oppressors] lay in the oppressed society and, thus, the solution and liberation need to come from that society transformed through its work, education, and civility." Or, to put it another way, if I get out of bed and go into the bathroom to brush my teeth and I find a wolf there, it is 100 percent the wolf's fault if I get eaten by the wolf, since most reasonable people would never have any reason to expect a wolf in their houses. (That nasty wolf must have sneaked in!) But if I live in a place where wolves are commonplace and are very vicious, and I know this to be true, and yet I take no precautions when I leave my house, it is still 100 percent the wolf's fault if I get eaten, because the wolf is an evil, predatory beast whose evil nature moved him to start chewing on me. But in this case, it is also 100 percent my fault, because I knew that there were wolves near my house, and I knew what sort of creatures wolves are, and yet I did nothing to protect myself. Chew on that for a while.
Note that this list is not exhaustive. In particular, I ran out of time to discuss the emergence of potential pandemic threats and the threats to public health which have resulted from the spread of disinformation and denialism by the Global Far Right. Nor did I discuss the geopolitical threat posed by national revanchism, although this naturally follows from a consideration of threats to human rights and social justice. While Russia is a blatant example of a revanchist threat, it is by no means the only example. And there is the question of how the emergence of artificial machine intelligence will evolve and how much of an impact it will make on our daily lives. But I must leave these considerations for another day.
